Quiz 5-Storage

1. Differentiate between storage devices and storage media.

answer:

Storage device refers to the apparatus for recording computer data. Examples are the RAM, floppy drives, ZIP drives, and other disks drives. While, storage media are the materials on which data are written and stored. Examples are the floppy disks, optical discs, hard disks, etc.

2. Identify the uses of tape, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, microfilm and microfiche, and enterprise storage.

answer:

Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost. A tape drive reads and writes data and information on tape. Business users utilize tape most often for long-term storage and backup. A magnetic stripe card is a credit card, entertainment card, bank card, or other similar card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card. A magnetic stripe card reader reads the information stored on the stripe. A smart card, which is similar in size to a credit or ATM card, stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card. A smart card reader reads the information on the smart card and updates it if necessary. Microfilm is a 100- to 215-foot roll of film. Microfiche is a small sheet of film, usually about 4 X 6 inches. Microfilm and microfiche reduce the amount of paper firms must handle, are inexpensive, and have the longest life of any storage media. Enterprise storage use computers, servers, and networks to manage and store huge volumes of data and information. In an enterprise, some storage systems can provide more than 185 TB of storage, and optical disc servers hold hundreds of optical discs.

3. Describe the various types of flash memory storage: solid state drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, and ExpressCard modules.

answer:

Flash memory storage are a type of solid state media, which means they consist entirely of electronic components and contain no moving parts. A solid state drive (SSD) typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information. A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer. Common memory cards include CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD), Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC), microSD, microSDHC, xD Picture Card, Memory Stick, and Memory Stick Micro (M2). A USB flash drive, sometimes called a thumb drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a port on a computer or mobile device. An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits in an ExpressCard slot. Express Card modules can add memory, storage, communications, or other capabilities to a computer.

4. Differentiate among various types of optical discs: CDs, archive discs and Picture CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs.

answer:

A CD-ROM, or compact disc read-only memory, is a type of optical disc that uses laser technology to store items. Users can read the contents of standard CD-ROMs but cannot erase or modify their contents. A CD-R (compact disc-recordable) is a multisession disc on which users can record their own items, such as text, graphics, and audio. Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one time, and the disc's contents cannot be erased. A CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is an erasable disc that can be written on multiple times. An archive disc stores photos from an online photo center in the jpg file format. A Picture CD is a single-session CD-ROM that stores digital versions of film using the jpg format at a lower resolution than an archive disc. A DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memory) is a high capacity optical disc that you can read but not write on or erase. A newer, more expensive DVD format is Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM), with higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs. Many types of recordable and rewritable DVD formats are available. DVD-R and DVD+R are DVD-recordable formats. BD-R is a high-capacity DVD-recordable format. DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are rewritable DVD formats that allow users to erase and record multiple times. BD-RE is a high-capacity rewritable DVD format.

5. Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, multifunction peripherals, thermal printers, mobile printers, label and postage printers, and plotters and large-format printers.

answer :

An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer.

Laser printers operate by shining a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The drum is then rolled through a pool, or reservoir, or toner, and the electrically charged portions of the drum pick up ink. Finally, using a combination of heat and pressure, the ink on the drum is transferred onto the page. Laser printers print  very fast, and the supply cartridges work a long time. Color laser printers use the same toner-based printing process as black and white ( B/W) laser printers, except that they combine four different toner colors.  Color laser printers can also be used as a regular black and white laser printer. 

Multifunction printers: combine top-quality color ink-jet or laser printing with plain-paper and PC faxing, color copying and color scanning , telephoning- all in one convenient, space-saving machine. If you work from home or have a small office a multifunctional device may be ideal. 

Label Printers are  the smartest way to print labels one at a time.  The printers allow easy installation.  You can  get high-quality, professional results every time. There are multi-purpose  printers , that can print different types of labels. For example, label printers used in supermarkets can print bar codes as well as normal text. There are also some label printers that can print different sizes of labels on goods.

Plotters  (Designjet) are large-scale printers that are very accurate at reproducing line drawings. They are commonly used for technical drawings such as engineering drawings or architectural blueprints. The two basic types of plotters are called flatbed plotters and drum plotters. Flatbed plotters are horizontally aligned with a flat surface to which a piece of paper is attached. The paper remains stationary and the printer moves pens across the paper to draw the image. Drum plotters, also called upright plotters, are vertically positioned. They have a drum that the paper rolls on. Drum plotters usually make more noise and are more compact than flatbed plotters. 

Portable printers are usually fairly lightweight and sometimes carry the option of using a battery instead of drawing power from the computer. Usually they realize basic print resolutions suitable for plain text printing. You can find on the market the following types of the portable printers:  Thermal printer, Thermal transfer printer and Ink-Jet printer. The main advantage of thermal and thermal transfer printers is that they can be very small. The smallest thermal and  thermal transfer printers  weigh  approximately one pound. Usually the  ink-jet portable printer weighs more than 2 pounds. Thermal printers require a special type of paper.

Quiz 3

Quiz 3

1. Describe the four categories of output.

1. Monitors

   •  Flat-screen monitors are more energy efficient than cathode ray-tube monitors. Monitor image by Kavita from Fotolia.com
     

     There are two major categories of monitors: Cathode ray-tube or CRT and liquid crystal display, also known as flat-screen or LCD. Both measure screen size diagonally and connect to the computer via USB port or a conventional printer cord. The flat-screen monitor uses up less power and causes less eye strain.

   Speakers and Headphones

   •  Headphones are used to turn your computer into a telephone, stereo, or video game. 
     

     Part of the sound card system that produces multimedia, speakers and headphones produce audio output. The range of audio equipment available to the average computer user is tailored to Skype users, gamers, movie and video enthusiasts, and musicians. Most headphones also include a microphone for input as well.

   Printers

   • Modern printers are advanced enough to publish detailed graphic arts and photos. 
     

     Printers are used to make hard copies of computer output. There are three different kinds of printers. Dot matrix is the oldest and since it is slow and rather noisy compared to laser and ink-jet printers it is no longer widely used. Laser printers are the most expensive, but are fast and quiet and Ink jet printers are inexpensive to buy, but the paper and toner consumption makes up for the cheap retail price.

   Disks and External Drives

   •  Portable memory sticks may have rendered CDs obsolete as output devices. 
     

     CDs (which include rewritable CDs, DVDs, floppy disks and external hard drives are used as storage devices for data output. Data can be text, video, audio or graphics files. External memory drives are often portable depending on the size. Both disk drives and CDs can also be used as input devices.

 
2. The characteristics of LCD monitors, LCD screens, plasma monitors, and HDTVs.

• LCD Monitor- ultra-slim, stylish,full color display devices for the PC that fit in any part of the home or office.
• LCD Screens- lightweight, aesthetically appealing, energy efficient and long-term cost effective. 
• Plasma Monitors- produce rich colors along with very deep blacks,wide viewing angles allow more people to be able to watch TV comfortably, pixels of Plasma TV’s are lit individually so the pixels can be completely turned off to display truck black colors. 
• HDTVs- black level, brightness, contrast, color saturation, image processing, screen composition, tuners and cable card.

3. What are the components inside the systems units.

• Processor
• memory
• adapter cards
• ports
• drive bays
• power supply
• motherboard
• chip
• Central Processing Unit
• Machine Cycle 

4. The components of a processor and how they complete a machine cycle.

• Control Unit
• Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU)
• Register

 The machine cycle is the name of the four operations of the CPU. The first step is to 'fetch' the program instuction/data from the memory. The second step is to 'decode', which means translate the instruction into instructions. Step three is to 'execute', carry out the instruction. Finally step four is to 'store', write the result back to memory.

5. Define a bit and describe how a series of bits represents data.

When the user press any letter using the keyboard the electronic signal from that letter is sent to the system unit then the system unit convert it to its binary code and stored in memory for processing. After processing the binary code for that particular letter is converted to an image and displayed on the output device.

6.Categories of Application Software:

• Personal productivity Applications
• Multimedia and Graphics applications
• Communications applications 
• Home and Educational

7.  The Key Features in Business programs in terms of software is editting and typing and other stuff knowing what letters to use like formating.

8.  What are the advantages of using application software on the Web.

Using web authoring software can help build web pages faster, an advantage if you are facing a deadline or a large project. There are several different types of web authoring software you can use to make great web pages without having to know all of the ins and outs of web page creation.

9. History of the Internet.

 The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response, the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military.

RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for a counter-attack.

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Quiz 2

Comped321L

1. Describe various types of pen input, and identify other types of input for smart phones. 

Light Pen - Light pen is actually one more pointing input gadget. This will pick up on existence of light. It's a hand held pen fashioned gadget having a photocell installed in it's front-end. This kind of instrument also offers a button.  Light pen can be used on PDA's and also other kinds of portable computers.

 Digitizer - A Digitizer is also called a graphic tablet and uses a pen input device. It's a flat, rectangle-shaped digital plastic material pad.

Stylus and Cursor - Stylus pen is actually like a ballpoint pen. It's utilized to compose textual content or make lines (or generate drawings and also pictures) on the exclusively developed graphics display or digitizer.

Digital Pen pen input devices found in several sophisticated graphic devices.  Generally electronic digital pen supplies much more performance compared to stylus pen.

2. The purpose of various game controllers: game pads, joysticks and wheels, light guns, dance pads and motion-sensing game controllers.

Game Pad  is a general purpose game pad for use with {!IBM PC Compatible} computer games. The controller features 10 buttons and a special plug that allows two game pads to be connected to the same port. The unit is designed to be easily programmable for use with Windows 95 games.

Joystick This is to make a machine to perform in a certain way like the up and down, left and right arrows on you keyboard.

A dance pad, also known as a dance mat, dance platform, or jitter deck is a flat electronic game controller used for input in dance games. Most dance pads are divided into a 3×3 matrix of square panels for the player to stand on, with some or all of the panels corresponding to directions or actions within the game. Some dance pads also have extra buttons outside of the main stepping area, such as "Start" and "Select". Pairs of dance pads are often joined side-by-side for certain gameplay modes.

3. Explain how resolution affects the quality of a picture captured on a
digital camera.
Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Basically, resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, or TV lines), or to angular subtenant. Line pairs are often used instead of lines; a line pair comprises a dark line and an adjacent light line. A Line (or TV line, TVL) is either a dark line or a light line. A resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens and film resolution are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter.

4. Describe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencing.
Voice recognition is the process of taking the spoken word as an input to a computer program. This process is important to virtual reality because it provides a fairly natural and intuitive way of controlling the simulation while allowing the user's hands to remain free.
A webcam is a video camera which feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, ethernet or Wi-Fi

Video calling and conferencing

As webcam capabilities have been added to instant messaging, text chat services such as AOL Instant Messenger, and VoIP services such as Skype, one-to-one live video communication over the Internet has now reached millions of mainstream PC users worldwide. Improved video quality has helped webcams encroach on traditional video conferencing systems. New features such as automatic lighting controls, real-time enhancements (retouching, wrinkle smoothing and vertical stretch), automatic face tracking and autofocus assist users by providing substantial ease-of-use, further increasing the popularity of webcams.

 Video security

Webcams are also used as security cameras. Software is available to allow PC-connected cameras to watch for movement and sound, recording both when they are detected; these recordings can then be saved to the computer, e-mailed or uploaded to the Internet. In one well-publicised case, a computer e-mailed out images as the burglar stole it, allowing the owner to give police a clear picture of the burglar's face even after the computer had been stolen.

 Video clips and stills

Webcams can be used to take Video clips and still pictures. Various software tools in wide use can be employed for this, such as PicMaster (for use with Windows operating systems), Photo Booth (Mac), or Cheese (with Unix systems). Input control devices

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